Roth IRA Withdrawal Taxation

A client withdraws $30,000 from her Roth IRA in 2026. The account consists of $20,000 in contributions and $10,000 in earnings. She is age 45 and does not meet any exception to the early withdrawal penalty.

How will the $30,000 distribution be treated for tax purposes?

  1. Entire amount is tax-free and penalty-free
  2. Contributions are tax-free; earnings are taxable and subject to a 10% penalty
  3. Entire amount is taxable but not subject to penalty
  4. Entire amount is taxable and subject to penalty